四、情态动词 
一．情态动词现在完成式的用法 
My pain ________ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:" Are you feeling all right?" 
[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be 
  
Mary ________ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. 
[A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received 
  
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by electricity. 
  
You needn’t have come over yourself. As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally ________ . 
[A] needn’t dress up [B]did not need have dressed up [C] did not need dress up [D] needn’t have dressed up 
  
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully. 
  
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke. 
  
What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully. 
  
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers. 
  
二．情态动词常考的句型： 
Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train. 
  
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car. 
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized. 
  
I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 
  
三．情态动词被动关系的主动表达法 
Your hair wants cutting. 
The book is worth reading 
The floor requires washing. 
  
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted. 
The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.  
   
五、动词时态的一致 
afraid, glad, sure, confident, sorry, certain, conscious, aware 
I’m confident that I’ll pass the exam. 
He was lucky that he wasn’t killed. 
  
It appears that some little trouble was caused by a woman, whose name has not been ascertained. 
  
It was known long ago that Professor Einstein played a key role in the development of the theory of relativity. 
  
It was proved centuries ago that the speed of light is 186,000 miles a second. 
  
The fact that man would soon be able to visit the moon built up new scientific interest in earth’s nearest neighbor. 
  
The original manuscript of "The Theory of Relativity" was written by Einstein who was then an employee in a patent office. 
  
Almost every morning I receive invitation cards to visit exhibitions, on which are illustrations o　　f the machines displayed. 
  
Have you seen the new golf clubs that Mr. Stevens gave Bill? 
  
I painted several pictures that are now on show in the museums. 
  
Immanual Kant was so regular in his habits that until the day he died people were able to set their watches by his actions. 
  
When Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States of America, he was completely involved in the problem of slavery. 
  
As I was walking along Main Street, a car mounted the pavement and crashed into a shop. 
  
While the child was playing with his toys, his parents were reading books. 
  
When I was returning home from school, a parade of demonstrators walked along the streets. 
  
The director had explained the details many times before the workers took the job. 
  
Each of the major glacial stages produces distinctive land forms that remain long after the glacier has disappeared. 
  
He did not know any English before he went to England. 
  
After she finished her work, she hurried to the nursery to pick up her child.  
   
六、不定式和动名词的区别 
(一)作主语 
Smoking is prohibited here. 
It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 
  
Climbing mountains is interesting. 
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.) 
  
(二)作表语 
To do two things at a time is to do neither. 
What I would suggest is to start work at once. 
  
To see is to believe. 
To work means to earn a living. 
  
aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish 
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. 
  
Our work is serving the people. 
His hobby is collecting stamps. 
  
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 
satisfying令人满意的--satisfied感到满意的 
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的，例如： 
My tutor is satisfied with my satisfying behavior. 
I’m interested in the interesting psychology. 
They were very excited about the exiting news. 
Her convincing argument convinced me to vote for her.