Passage 8

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then fill in the 20 blanks with the suitable words from the list given. Change the form where necessary.

       in addition              early                     mixed                   for                      scale

       gradual                 need                     complex                likely                   similar

       substance              than                            present                 opposites              same

       opening                at least                     disagreements aspects               values

       Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason   1 

this is that there are more different ways of looking at things   2   in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more   3   in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs.   4  , there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in   5  societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by   6   more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite   7   in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the   8   or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the   9  . And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are   10   customary and undisputed.

       Within a society, social change is also   11   to occur more frequently and more readily in the material   12   of the culture than in the non-material. For example, in technology rather than in   13  ; in what has been learnt later in life rather than in what was learned  14 ;

in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their   15  ; in the simple elements rather than in the   16   ones; in form rather than in   17  ; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather   18   in strange elements.

       Furthermore, social change is easier if it is   19  . For example, it comes more readily on human relations on a continuous   20   rather than one with sharp dichotomies (一分为二，对分). This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black American as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.

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