Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Passage One
  Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle
curl,” the Lay’s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker,
  Frito-Lay, thinks otherwise. “Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the company’s head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.
  Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America, owned by PepsiCo, and accounts for over
half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas.
  Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which
local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. ”Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones that consumes—especially young people—see as part of a modern, innovative (创新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company.Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.
  With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo (标
识).The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips. would help facilitate the company’s global expansion.
  The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in
America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rater, they see Frito-Lay as
spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. “We’re making products in those
countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive.

41. It is the belief of Frito-Lay’s head of global marketing that______.
A) potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market
B) their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales.
C) the light golden color enhances the charm of their company’s potato chips
D) people all over the world enjoy eating their company’s potato chips
42. What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?
A) Its products used to be popular among overseas consumers.
B) Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack market.
C) It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.
D) It needs to turn to the word market for development.
43. One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that_______.
A) consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands
B) local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands
C) products suiting Chinese consumers’ needs bring more profits
D) products identified as American will have promising market value
44. Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?
A) To suit changing tastes of young consumers.
B) To promote the company's strategy of globalization.
C) To change the company’s long-held marketing image.
D) To compete with other American chip producers.
45. Frito-Lay's executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market
_______.
A) won’t affect the eating habits of the local people
B) will lead to economic imperialism
C) will be in the interest of the local people
D) won’t spoil the taste of their chips

Passage Two
“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love orexercise.” Said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body.
  While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you..
In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but
coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt
they couldn’t get the job done.
   Stress that you can manage also boost immune(免疫的) function. In a study at the Academic
Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences.
  In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they had control over the outcome. In the second, they weren’t in control：They had to sit through a gory(血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.
Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones
have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle  information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.
“Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity, “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.”

46. The passage is mainly about______
A) the benefits of manageable stress
B) how to avoid stressful situations
C) how to cope with stress effectively
D) the effects of stress hormones on memory
47. The word “shun” (Line 1, Para.1) most probably means________.
A) cut down on B) stay away from
C) run out of D) put up with
48. We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that_______
A) people under stress tend to have a poor memory
B) people who can’t get their job done experience more stress
C) doing challenging work may be good for one’s health
D) stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs
49. In the experiment described in Paragraph 3, the video-watchers experienced a downturn in the
antibody because______.
A) the video was not enjoyable at all
B) the outcome was beyond their control
C) they knew little about surgical procedures
D) they felt no pressure while watching the video
50. Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that______.
A) a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body
B) stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain
C) short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function
D) a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stress.