第七节 一 致
一致指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。
主谓一致指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致。
在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
一、集体名词作主语时, 主语与谓语动词的一致
如集体名词在句中意指整体概念, 谓语动词用单数形式;
如在句中意指其具体成员, 谓语动词复数形式。
这类集体名词包括:army, audience, class, committee, crowd, crew, couple, family, group, staff, team, public, cabinet, band等。
The population of the earth is increasing very fast.
One third of the population here are farmers.
The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception.
The public now know the whole story.
The teaching staff of this college is/are excellent.这所大学的教师都是出类拔萃的
二、学科名称和疾病名称作主语时, 主语与谓语动词的一致
某些学科名称和疾病名称虽是复数形式, 但这些词作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
这些词包括: electronics(电子学), mechanics(力学),classics(古典文学), linguistics(语言学), economics(经济学),statistics(统计学), physics(物理学), mathematics(数学)等。
Electronics is a piece of cake to him.
Qiantum mechanics(量子力学) supplies methods for calculating the results of experiments in all those realms.
三、表示书名、报名、剧名、国名等的名词或词组作主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致
表示书名、报名、剧名、国名等的名词(或词组)作主语时,如只指一种、一本或一个, 不论它形式上是单数还是复数,谓语动词只用单数形式。
The adventrues of Huckleberry Finn was written by the famous American umorist Mark Twain.
The New York Times is not available here.
The United States was founded in 1776.
四、单复数同形的名词作主语时, 主语与谓语动词的一致
单复数同形的名词作主语时, 要根据句子意思来确定谓语动词的单复数形式,单复数同形的名词包括: aircraft, deer, fish, sheep , means, species, series, works, crossroads headquarters等。
Various means of transport are introduced in this article.
There are already 137 species of butterflies known in the world today.
It is all a means to an end.这只是达到目的的一种手段。
The airline ordered 15 new aircraft.那家航空公司订购了十五架新飞机。
五、表示时间、距离、度量、价值的复数名词作主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致
这些复数名词, 如表示抽象概念, 被视作一整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;如表示具体的多少, 强调复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten minutes is all that I can spare for you.
Six thousand dollars is a large sum of money to her.
The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours.
六、由with, as well as等词或词组修饰的单数名词作主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致.
如作主语的单数名词后有下列词或词组修饰时, 谓语动词仍用单数形式: with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, but等。
The teacher as well as the students likes this novel.
A scientist, together with some assistants,was sent to help solve that problem.
The boss, rather than his employees, is to blame.
